Central and South America Experience Unprecedented Dengue Fever Outbreak

The Pan American Health Organisation (Paho) announced on Tuesday that the incidence of dengue fever in Central and South America has almost tripled this year, reaching an unprecedented peak. Over 12.6 million cases and 7,700 deaths have been documented, which Paho identifies as the most significant outbreak in the region since record-keeping commenced in 1980. The virus has particularly impacted Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia in South America, as well as Mexico in North America, collectively contributing to the majority of reported cases and deaths. Dengue is a mosquito-transmitted virus that can result in serious illness or, in some instances, be fatal. Symptoms include fever, intense headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint discomfort, and a blotchy rash. Patients experiencing a more severe form of dengue may suffer from acute stomach pain, fatigue, vomiting, and blood in their vomit or stool. Vaccines against dengue have been rolled out in some countries within the region, whereas others, such as Honduras, are scheduled to begin distribution in 2025. In a statement, Paho advocated for more robust mitigation efforts and greater collaboration throughout the Americas. Dr. Jarbas Barbosa, the organization’s director, stated that the elevated number of cases is connected to a warmer, wetter climate and conditions such as standing water near homes and insufficient waste management, which provide ideal breeding environments for mosquitoes. He also noted that the virus presented a “higher-than-normal” risk to children. Paho data indicated that in Guatemala, children comprised 70% of deaths associated with dengue, while in Mexico, Costa Rica, and Paraguay, individuals under 15 years old accounted for over a third of severe cases. Children and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are more prone to contracting the disease and experiencing more severe symptoms. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately half of the global population resides in areas where there is a risk of contracting the disease. The disease is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, most frequently the Aedes aegypti.